Treat / Supplement
Pumpkin puree: Calories, Dosing and Evidence
Pumpkin puree (food topper): ~7 kcal/tbsp, dosing — 1–4 tbsp by size, evidence moderate.
Dry dog food reviews, feeding charts and ingredient analysis
What belongs in the 10% treat budget and which supplements have real data behind them — calories per piece, dosing and what the label hides.
Pumpkin puree (food topper): ~7 kcal/tbsp, dosing — 1–4 tbsp by size, evidence moderate.
Fish oil (EPA/DHA) (supplement): ~25 kcal/ml, dosing — 50–100 mg epa per kg, evidence strong.
Glucosamine + chondroitin supplement (supplement): n/a, dosing — per label by weight, evidence moderate.
Dental chews (VOHC) (dental): 40–90 kcal/chew, dosing — 1 per day, evidence moderate.
Freeze-dried liver bits (treat): ~3 kcal/piece, dosing — under 10% of daily kcal, evidence strong.